By Renova Hospitals
January 06, 2026
Paget’s Disease of Bone: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Overview
Paget’s disease of bone is a rare, chronic bone disorder in which the body’s normal bone recycling process is disrupted. In this condition, old bone tissue breaks down faster than normal, and new bone forms in an abnormal, disorganised way. This results in bones that are weaker, larger, and more fragile, increasing the risk of bone pain, deformities, and fractures.
What Is Paget’s Disease of Bone?
Paget’s disease of bone is a chronic disorder that disrupts the normal bone remodelling process. Healthy bone is constantly broken down by cells called osteoclasts and rebuilt by osteoblasts. In Paget’s disease, this balance is disturbed.
How Paget’s Disease Affects Bone
1. Abnormal Bone Breakdown and Formation
- Excessive bone breakdown: Osteoclasts become overactive, causing weakening in the bone.
- Abnormal bone formation: Osteoblasts produce new bone rapidly, but the new bone is disorganised, enlarged, and weaker than normal.
2. Bone Changes and Symptoms
- Bones may become deformed, thickened, or misshapen, leading to pain and limited mobility.
- Common Paget’s disease of bone symptoms include bone pain, tenderness, fractures, and sometimes hearing loss if the skull is affected.
- Recognising the signs and symptoms of Paget’s disease early is crucial for effective management.
3. Risk of Complications
- Fragile bones increase the risk of fractures.
- Misaligned or enlarged bones can cause arthritis, nerve compression, or spinal problems.
4. Diagnosis with Radiology
- Paget's disease of bone, such as X-rays, bone scans, or MRI, helps detect abnormal bone patterns, thickening, and deformities.
- Radiology guides doctors in determining disease severity and planning Paget’s disease treatment.
5. Treatment Overview
- Medications like bisphosphonates help slow abnormal bone remodelling.
- Lifestyle measures: Adequate calcium and vitamin D, weight management, and safe exercise.
- Surgery may be needed for severe deformities or fractures.
- Regular monitoring ensures timely adjustment of Paget’s disease of bone treatments.
In Which Age Group Is Paget’s Disease Seen?
The condition is most commonly seen in people above 50 years of age and often affects specific areas such as the pelvis, skull, spine, and leg bones—particularly the femur and tibia. Many patients may not notice symptoms early.
Types of Paget’s Disease
1. Based on the Number of Bones Affected
Monostotic Paget’s Disease
- Only one bone is involved
- Most commonly affected: pelvis, skull, spine, femur, or tibia
- Usually milder symptoms
Polyostotic Paget’s Disease
- Multiple bones are involved
- Often affects the skull, spine, pelvis, and long bones
- Symptoms can be more severe (pain, deformities, fractures)
2. Based on Disease Activity / Stage
Lytic Phase
- Bone is actively broken down
- X-rays show bone loss or areas of bone destruction
Mixed Phase
- Both bone breakdown and abnormal new bone formation occur
- Bones may appear thickened, misshapen, or weakened
Sclerotic Phase
- Predominantly new, dense but brittle bone forms
- Increases risk of fractures despite apparent bone thickening
3. Rare / Specific Forms
- Cranial Paget’s: Mainly affects the skull, may cause hearing loss or headaches
- Spinal Paget’s: Affects vertebrae, sometimes compressing nerves
- Paget’s with Complications: Fractures, arthritis, deformities, and rarely bone cancer (osteosarcoma)
What Are the Symptoms and Signs of Paget’s Disease?
Absence of symptoms, or the symptoms may be mild. When a person has symptoms, they're similar to symptoms of other bone conditions, like arthritis.
Pelvis
When Paget’s disease affects the pelvis, it can lead to deep hip pain and stiffness. These are common Paget’s disease of bone symptoms, often worsening with movement or prolonged standing.
Skull
Overgrowth and thickening of skull bones may cause headaches, hearing loss, or a feeling of pressure in the head. These are important signs and symptoms of Paget’s disease that should not be ignored, especially in older adults.
Spine
In the spine, the enlarged bones can compress nearby nerve roots. This may result in back pain, tingling, numbness, or weakness in the arms or legs, which are classic Paget’s disease of bone symptoms related to nerve involvement.
Legs
Weakening of the leg bones can cause them to bend or bow, leading to visible deformity. Enlarged and misshapen bones increase stress on nearby joints, contributing to knee or hip osteoarthritis. These progressive changes represent advanced signs and symptoms of Paget’s disease and raise the risk of fractures.
How Is Paget’s Disease of Bone Diagnosed?
In many individuals, signs and symptoms of Paget’s disease are often mild or completely absent, especially in the early stages. Because of this, the condition is frequently discovered incidentally during investigations done for other reasons.
Diagnostic Methods
Doctors use a combination of clinical evaluation and investigations to diagnose Paget’s disease of bone accurately. During the physical examination, they look for localised bone pain, tenderness, deformity, or warmth over the affected areas, which helps identify Paget’s disease of bone symptoms even when patient complaints are minimal.
X-ray imaging is then used to assess bone enlargement, deformity, thickening, or abnormal bone structure, as these characteristic changes strongly support the diagnosis of Paget’s disease of bone.
Blood tests, particularly measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, help detect increased bone turnover and are especially useful when the signs and symptoms of Paget’s disease are not clearly visible clinically.
How Is Paget’s Disease of Bone Treated?
Medication
Several medications are available as part of Paget’s disease treatment, aimed at controlling abnormal bone remodelling. The most commonly used drugs are bisphosphonates, which help slow excessive bone breakdown and reduce disease activity.
Surgery
Surgical intervention may be required to manage complications that do not respond to medication. Surgery is considered an important part of advanced Paget’s disease treatment when structural damage is present.
Risk Factors for Paget’s Disease of Bone
Paget’s disease of bone is a chronic condition that affects how bones grow and remodel. Understanding risk factors can help with early detection and management.
- Age – People older than 50 are most likely to develop Paget’s disease of bone. Early awareness helps monitor Paget’s disease of bone symptoms.
- Sex – Men are more commonly affected than women, so men over 50 should be more vigilant about the signs and symptoms of Paget’s disease.
- National Origin – This condition is more common in England, Scotland, central Europe, and Greece, as well as countries settled by European immigrants. It is less common in Scandinavia and Asia.
- Family History – If a close relative has Paget’s disease of bone, you are at a higher risk. Knowing your family history helps in early detection and planning Paget’s disease treatment if necessary.
Is Surgery Better for Paget’s Disease of Bone?
Surgery is not usually preferred if symptoms are mild; most probably medications are taken.
Surgery Is Not Recommended If:
- Symptoms are mild or absent
- Bone pain is controlled with medication
- There are no fractures, deformities, or nerve compression
When Is Surgery Necessary?
Surgery may be required when complications develop, such as:
- Severe bone deformity affecting movement
- Fractures that do not heal properly
- Advanced arthritis of the hip or knee
- Nerve compression causing weakness, numbness, or severe pain
Key Findings of Paget’s Disease of Bone Radiology
- Bone enlargement and thickening
- Cortical thickening
- Trabecular coarsening
- Deformities
- Fractures
Prevention of Paget’s Disease
- Ensure adequate vitamin D and calcium intake
- Healthy lifestyle
- Prevent risk
- Proper health monitoring
Complications of Paget’s Disease of Bone
Weak Bones and Fractures
ones affected by disease or mineral imbalance become structurally weak and fragile over time. This increases the risk of fractures even with minor falls or everyday activities.
- Bones affected by Paget’s disease are fragile and more prone to breaking
- Deformed bones may bleed more during surgery due to extra blood vessels
- Early recognition of Paget’s disease of bone symptoms allows prompt treatment of Paget’s disease.
Joint Problems (Osteoarthritis)
Abnormal bone growth or deformity places extra stress on nearby joints. Over time, this leads to cartilage wear, stiffness, pain, and reduced joint movement.
Misshapen bones increase stress on nearby joints, leading to osteoarthritis- Timely treatment of Paget’s disease of bone with monitoring of Paget's disease of bone radiology, can prevent joint complications
Nerve Compression and Neurological Issues
Enlarged or misshapen bones can press on nearby nerves. This compression may cause pain, numbness, tingling, weakness, or changes in sensation.
- Overgrowth of bone in the skull or spine can press on nerves
- This may cause pain, tingling, weakness in limbs, or hearing loss
- Recognising signs and symptoms of Paget’s disease allows early intervention and management
Heart Strain
Increased blood flow to abnormal bone tissue forces the heart to work harder. In severe cases, this extra workload can contribute to cardiac strain or heart failure.
- In severe cases, the heart works harder to supply blood to affected bones
- This increased workload may eventually contribute to heart failure
Rare Risk of Bone Cancer
In very rare situations, long-standing bone disorders may lead to malignant transformation. Persistent pain, swelling, or sudden worsening of symptoms should always be evaluated promptly.
- Bone cancer occurs in approximately 1% of people with Paget’s disease of bone
- Regular imaging (Paget's disease of bone radiology) helps detect any abnormal changes early.
Management Adopted by People Diagnosed With Paget’s Disease
Exercise Regularly: Physical activity helps maintain joint mobility and overall bone health. However, before starting any new exercise routine, consult your doctor. Certain exercises may put too much stress on bones affected by Paget’s disease of bone treatments, so personalised guidance is important.
Get Enough Calcium and Vitamin D: Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake is critical for supporting bone strength, particularly in people with Paget’s disease treatment plans.
Understanding the Signs: Recognising the signs and symptoms of Paget’s disease early can lead to timely intervention. Imaging, such as Paget's disease of bone radiology, helps in diagnosis and monitoring.
About Paget’s Disease of Bone: Paget’s disease of bone is a chronic condition that disrupts the normal cycle of bone renewal, leading to enlarged or misshapen bones. Treatment options focus on managing symptoms, preventing complications, and maintaining quality of life.
Questions to Ask Your Healthcare Provider
- What type of Paget’s disease do I have, and which bones are affected?
- How severe is my disease?
- How can it be treated?
- Should I take proper rest?
- Is it hereditary?
Care Provided by Renova Hospitals
Renova Hospitals, care for Paget’s disease of bone is guided by accuracy, experience, and long-term patient well-being. Our specialists focus on early diagnosis, disease activity control, and prevention of complications through advanced imaging, targeted medical therapy, and close monitoring.
From medication management to joint preservation, nerve protection, and cardiac risk assessment, every patient receives a personalised, multidisciplinary care plan. With timely intervention and structured follow-up, Renova Hospitals aims to help patients live active, comfortable lives while minimising the long-term impact of Paget’s disease.
